Optimisation of receiver arrays with heuristic algorithms for estimating the transmitter position via arrival time differences
Abstract
The location of a source emitting electromagnetic, seismic, or acoustic waves can be determined using synchronised receivers placed at geometrically distinct locations. Since the signal emitted from the source reaches the synchronised receivers at different times, a time difference of arrival (TDOA) occurs. Using the time differences formed at the receiver side, position lines are defined, and the source is located at the centre of these position lines. The error in location determination with TDOA depends on the transmitter-receiver geometry and the variance of the TDOA estimation error. When location determination is performed with a well-optimised receiver array for the same target point and TDOA estimation error variance, positioning performance increases significantly. In this study, the receiver array orientation angle optimisation has been performed using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and krill swarm optimisation (KSO). In the proposed method, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is used as the fitness function for optimising the equiangular circular receiver array in the KSO and PSO algorithms, resulting in a significant reduction in the squared positioning error. Furthermore, the KSO and PSO methods have been compared with each other in terms of convergence speed and with CRLB in terms of positioning accuracy.
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URN: https://sloi.org/urn:sl:tjoee102337
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