Carbon-coated MnCr₂O₄ anode materials for high-performance Li-Ion batteries
Abstract
MnCr₂O₄ (M) and carbon-coated MnCr₂O₄ composites were synthesized via the glycine–nitrate combustion method and evaluated as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Sucrose (S), polyethylene glycol (P), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT’S) were employed as carbon sources to enhance the electrochemical performance of MnCr₂O₄. Among these composites, the M-S-P-C electrode exhibited the highest discharge capacity and improved cycling stability, delivering 310 mAh/g under 50 mA/g current density after 50 cycles. This excellent electrochemical behaviour is attributed to its interconnected nanosheet morphology and porous architecture, which facilitate efficient ion transport and enlarge the electroactive surface area. Detailed analyses of the pristine and carbon-composited MnCr2O₄ samples were conducted using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer emmett eller (BET) surface area measurements, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
Full Text:
PDFReferences
J. M. Tarascon and M. Armand, “Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries,” Nature, 414(6861), pp. 359–367, 2001.
G. E. Blomgren, “The development and future of lithium ion batteries,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 164(1), art. no. A5019, 2016.
T. A. Manfo, M. E. Şahin, and D. Bal Altuntaş, “Development of quasi-flexible solid polymer blend electrolytes and boron carbide reinforced tea waste electrodes for supercapacitors,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 111, p. 115442, March 2025.
T. A. Manfo, A. A. Adam, and P. S. Dhapola, “Effect of layered, spinel, and olivine-based positive electrode materials on rechargeable lithium-ion batteries: A review,” J. Comput. Mech. Power Syst. Control, 6(4), pp. 38–57, 2023.
Z. M. S. Elbarbary, P. A. Hoskeri, A. A. Javidparvar, M. M. Alammar, A. Rajakannu, and T. A. Manfo, “Machine learning approach to the possible synergy between co-doped elements in the case of LiFePO₄/C,” J. Alloys Comp., vol. 1034, p. 181316, 2025.
M. Winter and J. O. Besenhard, “Electrochemical lithiation of tin and tin-based intermetallics and composites,” Electrochim. Acta, 45(1), pp. 31–50, 1999.
N. Badi, A. M. Theodore, A. Roy, S. A. Alghamdi, A. O. M. Alzahrani, and A. Ignatiev, “Preparation and characterisation of 3D porous silicon anode material for lithium-ion battery application,” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 17(6), p. 22064, 2022.
J. Feng, S. Xiong, Y. Qian, and L. Yin, “Synthesis of nanosized cadmium oxide (CdO) as a novel high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries: influence of carbon nanotube decoration and binder choice,” Electrochim. Acta, vol. 129, pp. 107–112, May 2014.
T. Yuan, Z. Tan, C. Ma, J. Yang, Z. Ma, and S. Zheng, “Challenges of spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ for lithium-ion battery industrial applications,” Adv. Energy Mater., 7(12), p. 1601625, 2017.
T. Horiba, “Lithium-ion battery systems,” Proc. IEEE, 102(6), pp. 939–950, 2014.
N. Takami, H. Inagaki, Y. Tatebayashi, H. Saruwatari, K. Honda, and S. Egusa, “High-power and long-life lithium-ion batteries using lithium titanium oxide anode for automotive and stationary power applications,” J. Power Sources, vol. 244, pp. 469–475, December 2013.
L. Wu, Z. Wang, H. Li, Y. Liu, and X. Huang, “SiC–Sb–C nanocomposites as high-capacity and cycling-stable anode for sodium-ion batteries,” Electrochim. Acta, vol. 87, pp. 41–45, January 2013.
X. Lin, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and L. Li, “Facile preparation of Cr₂O₃@Ag₂O composite as high-performance lithium storage material,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 598, pp. 68–72, June 2014.
P. Kulkarni, D. Ghosh, G. Balakrishna, R. S. Rawat, S. Adams, and M. V. Reddy, “Investigation of MnCo₂O₄/MWCNT composite as anode material for lithium-ion battery,” Ceram. Int., 45(8), pp. 10619–10625, 2019.
G. N. S. Babu and N. Kalaiselvi, “MnCr₂O₄/graphene composite as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries,” Electrochim. Acta, vol. 372, p. 137855, March 2021.
W. Yue, S. Tao, J. Fu, Z. Gao, and Y. Ren, “Carbon-coated graphene–Cr₂O₃ composites with enhanced electrochemical performances for Li-ion batteries,” Carbon, vol. 65, pp. 97–104, December 2013.
W. Yue, Z. Lin, S. Jiang, and X. Yang, “Preparation of graphene-encapsulated mesoporous metal oxides and their application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries,” J. Mater. Chem., 22(32), pp. 16318–16323, 2012.
A. R. Armstrong and P. G. Bruce, “Synthesis of layered LiMnO₂ as an electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries,” Nature, 381(6582), pp. 499–500, 1996.
K. Manjunatha, B. Ramesh, H. Devendrappa, K. G. Raghavendra, and S. K. Sahoo, “Structural, electronic, vibrational and magnetic properties of Zn²⁺ substituted MnCr₂O₄ nanoparticles,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 502, p. 166595, 2020.
Y. Chen, Z. Liu, S. P. Ringer, Z. Tong, X. Cui, and Y. Chen, “Selective oxidation synthesis of MnCr₂O₄ spinel nanowires from commercial stainless steel foil,” Cryst. Growth Des., 7(11), pp. 2279–2281, 2007.
M. Liu, X. Xu, L. Liu, J. Zhao, and C. Wang, “Thermodynamic data of a promising magnetic material MnCr₂O₄ and thermodynamic analysis of its application process,” Calphad, vol. 87, p. 102728, December 2024.
A. Ashok, A. Kumar, J. Ponraj, and S. A. Mansour, “Preparation of mesoporous/microporous MnCo₂O₄ and nanocubic MnCr₂O₄ using a single-step solution combustion synthesis for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 167(5), p. 054507, 2020.
P. Kulkarni, D. Ghosh, G. Balakrishna, R. S. Rawat, S. Adams, and M. V. Reddy, “Investigation of MnCo₂O₄/MWCNT composite as anode material for lithium-ion battery,” Ceram. Int., 45(8), pp. 10619–10625, 2019.
J. Tang, S. Ni, Q. Chen, X. Yang, and L. Zhang, “Optimised fabrication of NiCr₂O₄ and its electrochemical performance in half-cell and full-cell lithium-ion batteries,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 698, pp. 121–127, March 2017.
T. A. Eriksson and M. M. Doeff, “A study of layered lithium manganese oxide cathode materials,” J. Power Sources, vol. 119–121, pp. 145–149, June 2003.
S. Yıldız, H. Şahan, F. Şanlı, and Ş. Patat, “Multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-modified Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ as anode with improved cycling stability and rate capability for lithium-ion batteries,” ECS Adv., 3(2), p. 020501, 2024.
Z. Zhang, H. Zhao, Z. Zeng, C. Gao, J. Wang, and Q. Xia, “Hierarchical architectured NiS@SiO₂ nanoparticles enveloped in graphene sheets as anode material for lithium-ion batteries,” Electrochim. Acta, vol. 155, pp. 85–92, February 2015.
Y. M. Lee, J. Y. Lee, H.-T. Shim, J. K. Lee, and J.-K. Park, “SEI layer formation on amorphous Si thin electrode during precycling,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 154(6), p. A515, 2007.
L. Y. Yang, J. Zhang, Y. Sun, Z. Zhou, and X. Zhang, “Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanosheets as high-rate and long-life anode materials for sodium-ion batteries,” J. Mater. Chem. A, 3(48), pp. 24446-52, 2015.
URN: https://sloi.org/urn:sl:tjoee102370
Copyright (c) 2025 Turkish Journal of Electromechanics and Energy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Indexed in:












